In a doubtful matter, the negative is to be understood rather than the affirmative.

Explanation

Where doubt exists as to whether a power has been granted, the presumption is that it has not been — the negative protects against the expansion of authority beyond what was intended.

Where this applies

• It's unclear whether this authority was granted so the presumption is that it wasn't.
• When in doubt about whether a power exists, assume it doesn't.
• The negative is understood in doubtful cases to protect against expansion of authority.

See also

• 12.3.2 Uncertain things are held for nothing.
• 12.4.1 In doubtful cases, the more favorable construction is to be preferred.