Words to which reference is made in an instrument have the same effect and operation as if they were inserted in the instrument referring to them.

Explanation

Incorporation by reference gives the referenced words the same force as if they had been copied into the instrument verbatim.

Where this applies

• The contract incorporates another document by reference and those terms have full force.
• Terms referenced in the agreement are treated as if they were written directly into it.
• Incorporation by reference gives the external document the same power as if it were copied in.

See also

• 10.2.26 Words inferred are to be considered as incorporated.
• 10.5.2 That which is expressed puts an end to that which is implied.