Fraud should be proved by clear tokens.

Explanation

(English-origin maxim.) Fraud must be established by clear and convincing evidence, not mere suspicion — vague allegations of dishonesty are insufficient to set aside a transaction.

Where this applies

• A wife accuses her business partner of fraud, but the court dismisses her claim because she offers only vague suspicions and no concrete evidence of dishonest dealing.
• A buyer tries to rescind a home purchase by claiming fraud, but the judge requires clear proof — not just a bad feeling — that the seller deliberately hid the leaking roof.
• A plaintiff's fraud lawsuit is thrown out because he cannot point to specific false statements, misleading documents, or other tangible evidence of deception.