That which is null produces no effect.

Explanation

A void act is as though it never occurred — it needs no revocation because it never had force. Ultra vires contracts, unconstitutional statutes, and acts without authority fall under this maxim.

Where this applies

• The city passed an ordinance that violates the state constitution — it was void from the beginning.
• An unconstitutional law was enforced for 10 years — was it ever actually valid?

See also

• 6.3.10 No contract can arise from an act radically wrong and illegal.
• 6.7.4 Confirmation is null where the preceding gift is invalid.