Confirmation is null where the preceding gift is invalid.

Explanation

A void act cannot be made valid by subsequent ratification — if the original grant was beyond the power of the grantor, no amount of confirmation can cure it.

Where this applies

• The government is trying to ratify an action that was unconstitutional from the start.
• A company approved a contract that was illegal when it was made — does the approval make it legal?

See also

• 6.7.1 To confirm is to make firm that which was before infirm.
• 6.8.3 A clause which excludes the power of abrogation is void from the beginning.