Maxim 1.5.360
The voice once uttered flies away, the written letter remains.
Vox emissa volat, litera scripta manet.
Source: Wharton, III-375
Difficulty 3/5 — Intermediate
Explanation
Spoken words vanish; written instruments endure — the law therefore favors written evidence over oral testimony, and a written contract over a verbal agreement. (Duplicate maxim — see also 10.2.39.)
Where this applies
- A landlord and tenant have a verbal agreement about maintenance responsibilities, but when a dispute arises, the court enforces the written lease because oral promises fly away while the written word endures.
- A business partner claims they were promised a larger share of profits during a phone call, but the written partnership agreement controls because spoken words vanish while written terms remain.
- A government official testifies that a regulation was discussed differently in committee than how it was published, but the court applies the published text because the written law survives while oral discussions are lost.
Legal domains
See also
Cite this maxim
NeCede Max. 1.5.360 — The voice once uttered flies away, the written letter remains. — Wharton, III-375 (Vox emissa volat, litera scripta manet.)
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