Every act is to be judged by the intention of the doer.

Explanation

(English-origin maxim.) The intention behind an act is the measure by which it is judged — the same outward conduct may be lawful or unlawful depending on the purpose that animated it.

Where this applies

• A man who accidentally bumps into someone on a crowded sidewalk is not guilty of assault, but a man who deliberately shoves someone is — the intention determines the judgment.
• A hunter who mistakes another person for a deer is judged differently than one who deliberately aims at a person — the same act of shooting is measured by intent.
• A pharmacist who accidentally gives the wrong medication is treated as negligent, while one who intentionally substitutes a cheaper drug to pocket the difference is guilty of fraud.