The action in rem is that by which we seek our property which is possessed by another, and is always against him who possesses the property.

Explanation

(English-origin maxim.) An action in rem is directed against the property itself and follows it into the hands of whoever possesses it — the claim attaches to the thing, not the person.

Where this applies

• A property owner files an in rem action to reclaim a stolen painting from whoever currently possesses it, regardless of how many times it has changed hands.
• A government seizes a boat used in drug trafficking through an in rem forfeiture action directed at the vessel itself, not its owner.
• A creditor files a maritime lien against a ship — the claim follows the vessel into any port and against any possessor.