When in the words there is no ambiguity, no exposition contrary to the expressed words is to be made.

Explanation

Plain words admit no construction; where the text is clear, the inquiry ends and the court applies the language as written.

Where this applies

• The text is perfectly clear and they're trying to interpret it to mean something else.
• When there's no ambiguity in the words, no interpretation contrary to them is allowed.
• The language is plain — no creative reading should override what it clearly says.

See also

• 10.1.12 It is guessing, not interpretation, that altogether departs from the letter.
• 10.2.10 From the words of the law there must be no departure.