He who consents cannot receive an injury.

Explanation

One who freely consents to an act cannot later claim injury from it — voluntary agreement extinguishes the right to complain. This maxim does not apply where consent was obtained by fraud or duress.

Where this applies

• A boxer cannot sue his opponent for punching him in the ring because he freely consented to the risks of the sport.
• A patient who signs an informed consent form for surgery cannot later claim the surgeon committed battery by operating on her.
• A bungee jumper who signs a liability waiver and jumps voluntarily cannot sue the company when the experience is exactly as scary as advertised.