A fee cannot in any way be constituted without investiture.

Explanation

A feudal estate cannot be created without investiture — actual delivery of possession (livery of seisin) is essential to the creation of a freehold interest in land.

Where this applies

• A nobleman attempts to create a freehold estate by simply signing a document, but the grant fails because no actual delivery of possession — livery of seisin — took place.
• A lord grants land to a vassal by written charter alone, but the law requires the vassal to physically receive possession on the land itself for the fee to be valid.
• A seller of farmland executes a deed but never hands over the keys or walks the buyer onto the property, and the court holds the fee was never properly constituted.