In stipulations [within contracts,] the time when we contract is regarded.

Explanation

(English-origin maxim.) The terms and conditions of a contract are interpreted as of the date of execution — subsequent changes in law or circumstance do not alter the original bargain.

Where this applies

• A lease signed in 2020 with a fixed rent is not affected by a 2023 law that changes how rent increases are calculated — the terms are locked to the date of execution.
• An employment contract signed before a new minimum wage law takes effect is interpreted based on the law as it existed when the parties agreed.
• A construction contract's force majeure clause is interpreted based on what the term meant when the deal was signed, not what courts later decided it means.