Maxim 1.5.258
Every ratification relates back and is equivalent to a prior command.
Omnis ratihabitio retro trahitur et mandato aequiparatur.
Source: Co. Litt. 207; Bouvier, Max.; Weisman, 11q
Difficulty 2/5 — Approachable
Explanation
When a principal ratifies an unauthorized act, the ratification reaches back to the moment of the act and validates it as though it had been commanded from the beginning.
Where this applies
- An employer approves an unauthorized action by their employee after the fact.
- A principal ratifies what their agent did without permission.
Legal domains
See also
Cite this maxim
NeCede Max. 1.5.258 — Every ratification relates back and is equivalent to a prior command. — Co. Litt. 207; Bouvier, Max.; Weisman, 11q (Omnis ratihabitio retro trahitur et mandato aequiparatur.)
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